The multiple arms in Hindu deity iconography symbolically represent the divine's infinite power and ability to perform multiple functions simultaneously. According to the Shilpa Shastra, the ancient texts on iconography, each hand carries specific items (ayudhas) that represent different cosmic functions and divine attributes.
As explained in the Vishnu Purana (1.22.65-70), these multiple limbs are not meant to be taken literally but serve as visual metaphors for the all-pervasive and multi-faceted nature of divine consciousness. The scientific rationale lies in using visual symbolism to convey complex philosophical concepts to diverse audiences.
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